Biden rejected Trump's claim of executive privilege over the White House visitor logs for dates including January 6, 2021. NARA had provided these visitor logs to the Biden White House for review. The day after Biden's approval, NARA notified Trump that they would deliver the visitor logs to the committee on March 3. 1
The committee subpoenaed Peter Navarro, a top Trump trade and manufacturing policy advisor, who had publicly said after the election that he worked with Steve Bannon and other Trump allies in an "operation" to delay the final certification of the election results in an effort to change the outcome. 1
Politico reported that in January 2022 the committee had subpoenaed the phone records of Arizona Republican Party chair Kelli Ward and her husband. The Wards filed suit on February 1 to preclude their phone carrier from releasing the records on February 4, asserting that as practicing physicians their confidential communications with patients would be compromised. Both Wards were "alternate electors" who signed the false Arizona certificate of ascertainment. Kelli Ward was among the most prominent of Republican officials who worked with Trump to stoke claims of election fraud and later was involved in sending the false certificates to Congress. 1
The New York Times reported there were two executive orders drafted in mid-December to allow Trump to order the seizure of voting machines, predicated on baseless allegations of foreign tampering advanced by Waldron, Flynn and Powell. One document ordered the Defense Department to seize the machines, while the other called for the Department of Homeland Security to conduct the seizures. Giuliani persuaded Trump to avoid the former, but at Trump's direction he asked Ken Cuccinelli, the second in command at DHS, if seizures were possible; Cuccinelli responded DHS did not have the authority. Trump had also suggested to attorney general Bill Barr in November that the Justice Department could conduct the seizures, which Barr quickly said the department would not do. The Times reported the next day that the committee was scrutinizing Trump's involvement. 12
The committee subpoenaed fourteen Republicans in seven states who falsely asserted they were the chairperson and secretary on slates of Trump electors presented on bogus certificates of ascertainment. 1
Former Trump deputy press secretary Judd Deere was subpoenaed. The committee stated in a letter to Deere that he had helped with "formulating White House's response to the January 6 attack as it occurred" and it wanted to discuss a January 5 Oval Office staff meeting he attended with Trump. 2
In an effort to withhold 19,000 emails subpoenaed by the committee, an attorney for John Eastman told a federal judge that they were protected by attorney-client privilege because Eastman had been representing Trump while participating in the January 2 conference call with legislators; the January 3 Oval Office meeting with Trump and Pence; and while working at the Willard Hotel. Eastman had not previously asserted privilege. The emails were stored on servers at Eastman's former employer, Chapman University, which had been subpoenaed and did not object to their release. The judge ordered the emails released to Eastman's legal team to identify which they asserted were privileged, before allowing a third party to scrutinize them. 1
Thompson disclosed the committee had been talking with former U.S. attorney general William Barr, as well as some Pentagon officials. Barr had been a staunch ally of Trump until his December 1, 2020 announcement that the Justice Department had not found evidence of significant election irregularities. Trump was angered by the finding and announced Barr's resignation on Twitter two weeks later. 123
The Supreme Court ruled that NARA could release the Trump White House documents to the committee. It did not provide a reason, stating simply that it "denied" Trump's request. However, it did make a comment: As the Court of Appeals had acknowledged it would have denied Trump's request even had he still been in office, anything the Court of Appeals said about "Trump’s status as a former President" was legally "nonbinding". The votes of the justices were not disclosed, except for that of Justice Clarence Thomas who would have ruled in favor of Trump. 12
The committee asked Republican House minority leader Kevin McCarthy to voluntarily provide information; McCarthy said hours later he would not cooperate. In a letter to McCarthy, the committee noted that he spoke to Trump before the attack, reportedly advising him that attempts to object to the election results were "doomed to fail," and during the attack, imploring him to intervene, but after meeting with Trump at Mar-a-Lago on January 28 the tone of McCarthy's public comments "changed markedly." Six days after the attack, McCarthy said in a radio interview that he supported a bipartisan commission and grand jury to investigate and that Trump "told me personally that he does have some responsibility." The next day, McCarthy stated on the House floor that Trump "bears responsibility for Wednesday's attack on Congress by mob rioters." The committee asked if Trump or his aides discussed the change in tone with McCarthy in consideration of an impeachment proceeding or subsequent investigation. McCarthy ultimately opposed the formation of a bipartisan January 6 commission and the House committee. 123456
CNN reported the committee was investigating fraudulent certificates of ascertainment created by Trump allies in seven states in late-December 2020. The documents had been published by the watchdog group American Oversight in March 2021 but received little attention until January 2022. Michigan attorney general Dana Nessel announced on January 14 that after a months-long investigation she had asked the U.S. Justice Department to open a criminal investigation. 789
Politico reported the committee was attempting to retrace Trump's efforts to subvert the election at the state level, especially in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan and Pennsylvania. The committee had acquired thousands of documents and interviewed state officials. Secretaries of state in Arizona and Michigan provided the committee with forged certificates of ascertainment created by unauthorized individuals that falsely asserted Trump won their states' electoral votes; the Arizona document used the official state seal. The unauthorized individuals had sent the fraudulent documents to NARA, which rejected them. 1
The New York Times reported that the committee considered Pence's testimony particularly important because after he refused on January 5 to play the Pence Card, Trump harshly attacked him verbally and told his January 6 rally crowd "If Mike Pence does the right thing, we win the election." The Times reported federal prosecutors were asking defense attorneys of indicted rioters if their clients would admit in sworn statements that they stormed the Capitol believing Trump wanted them to stop Pence from certifying the election. One member of Proud Boys who pleaded guilty said he had conspired with other members to "send a message to legislators and Vice President Pence." Another rioter stated in her guilty plea that she marched on the Capitol specifically after hearing Trump encourage Pence to "do the right thing." 2
The Guardian reported the committee was examining whether Trump had overseen a criminal conspiracy that connected efforts to block Biden's election certification with the Capitol attack. 1
The committee asks former Vice President Mike Pence to speak to them voluntarily. They seek information about Trump’s pressure campaign to stop Pence from certifying the election results and about Pence’s personal experience in Washington on January 6 when the crowd chanted for his execution. 1 Pence's former chief of staff Marc Short, and perhaps others close to Pence, were reported in December to be cooperating with the committee. Short had been subpoenaed, though he and others may have received "friendly" subpoenas to supercede any legal barriers to their voluntary cooperation. 23
Bernard Kerik provided documents to the committee, including a "privilege log" describing attorney work product documents he declined to provide. One document in the log was described as a draft letter from the president to seize election-related evidence for national security reasons. The document was dated December 17, the day before Trump, Flynn, Giuliani and others met in the Oval Office to discuss the president's options, which included seizing voting machines; it was not clear if those discussions and that document were related. Another document detailed a sweeping nationwide communications plan to persuade Republican representatives at the state and federal level "to disregard the fraudulent vote count and certify the duly-elected President Trump." 1
Trump's attorney complained to the Supreme Court that, if the committee's work had any "legislative purpose," it was merely a pretext for "what is essentially a law enforcement investigation". This would invalidate the investigation, according to Trump's lawyers, since the congressional mandate requires a legislative purpose. 1 Trump's attorney cited a Washington Post interview with Thompson from the previous week, in which the committee chair had argued that a criminal referral could be warranted. 1
Thompson told The Guardian that the committee would investigate a call Trump made to his associates at the Willard Hotel on the night before the January 6 attack. The Guardian had reported the call on November 30. 1
While suing to block a subpoena of his bank records from JP Morgan, current Trump spokesman Taylor Budowich said in a court filing that he had cooperated extensively with the committee by providing 1,700 pages of documents and about four hours of sworn testimony relating to the planning and financing of Trump's speech outside the White House on January 6. 1 The subpoena of JP Morgan had not been public knowledge until Budowich's lawsuit revealed it. It is the first time this committee has been known to subpoena a bank directly. 2
On December 23, 2021, The Washington Post reported that the committee was considering a recommendation to the Department of Justice of opening a possible criminal investigation into Trump for his activities on January 6. 1 Trump appealed to the Supreme Court to block NARA from releasing documents to the committee, which Trump's lawyers claimed would cause Trump "irreparable harm". The court could choose to reject the appeal without hearing the case. Later that day, the committee—noting that the Supreme Court already plans to meet on January 14, 2022—asked the court to decide by January 14 whether it would hear Trump's case. 234
Thompson wrote a letter to congressman Jim Jordan requesting a meeting to discuss his communications with Trump and possibly his associates on and around January 6. 12
Committee chair Thompson wrote to Representative Scott Perry asking him to provide information about his involvement in the effort to install Jeffrey Clark as acting attorney general. Thompson believed Perry had been involved in the effort to install Clark, given witness testimony from former acting attorney general Jeffrey Rosen and his deputy Richard Donoghue, as well as communications between Perry and Meadows. 123 Perry declined the request the next day. 4 Among the text messages to Meadows the committee released on December 14 was one attributed to a "member of Congress" dated January 5 that read "Please check your signal," a reference to the encrypted messaging system Signal. In his letter to Perry, Thompson mentioned evidence that Perry had communicated with Meadows using Signal, though Perry denied sending that particular message. 56
Roger Stone appeared before the committee and asserted his Fifth Amendment rights to refuse to answer questions. Through his legal team, he claimed he was avoiding the "elaborate trap" of the committee's "loaded questions". 1
The White House counsel's office agreed in writing to delay their pursuit of NARA's release of some documents. Although Biden rejected Trump's claim of executive privilege, the White House nevertheless had its own concerns about the records request and said it should be narrowed so as not to expose highly classified or irrelevant information. 1 The committee on December 16 also moved to subpoena Waldron, the purported author of the PowerPoint presentation turned over by Meadows. 2
The House voted 222–208 to find Meadows in criminal contempt of Congress and to refer the matter to the Justice Department. The only two Republicans to join Democrats in the vote against Meadows were Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger, both of whom serve on the committee. 1 Prior to the vote, more text messages to Meadows were presented on the House floor, including one sent on the day after the election that proposed a strategy to send electors selected by Republican-controlled legislatures in three states directly to the Supreme Court before voting results had been determined in those states. 2 CNN later reported that the committee believed the text came from Rick Perry, the former Texas governor and secretary of energy during the Trump administration. Though a Perry spokesman denied Perry sent the text, CNN had evidence that it came from Perry's phone. Committee member Jamie Raskin acknowledged that the text's author had been initially misidentified as a lawmaker. 3
Before the committee voted unanimously to recommend a contempt of Congress charge against Meadows to the full House, Cheney read aloud a selection of text messages Meadows received on and around January 6. Two Fox News allies of Trump texted that the Capitol attack was destroying the president's legacy. Donald Trump Jr. told Meadows that the president needed to make an Oval Office address because "He has to lead now. It has gone too far and gotten out of hand." One unnamed lawmaker, later self-identified as Jim Jordan, texted in part that Pence "should call out all electoral votes that he believes are unconstitutional as no electoral votes at all." On January 7, an unnamed lawmaker texted, "Yesterday was a terrible day. We tried everything we could in our objections to the 6 states. I’m sorry nothing worked." 12 After reading the texts, and again the next day, Cheney made allusions to a federal statute to suggest Trump may have committed a felony by corruptly obstructing the electoral certification proceedings. 34
The committee released a report revealing that Meadows had sent an email on January 5 promising that the National Guard would "protect pro Trump people". 1 The report also included what the committee said were an email and text messages to members of Congress discussing how Trump might persuade legislators of some states to change their certified elector slates from Biden to Trump, writing Trump "thinks the legislators have the power, but the VP has power too." Meadows asked the members how Trump could contact such legislators, which the president did via a conference call with 300 of them on January 2, providing them purported evidence of fraud they might use to decertify their election results. Three days later, dozens of legislators from Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin wrote Pence asking him to postpone the January 6 certification of electors for ten days "affording our respective bodies to meet, investigate, and as a body vote on certification or decertification of the election." 23
The Guardian reported that Meadows had turned over a 38-page PowerPoint presentation entitled “Election Fraud, Foreign Interference & Options for 6 JAN” to the committee as well as the email referring to the presentation. The Guardian reviewed a 36-page version of the presentation, which had the same title and made the same recommendations for Trump to declare a national security emergency to delay the January 6 certification of electors, reject all ballots cast by machine, and have paper ballots secured by U.S. marshals and National Guard troops to conduct a recount, according to the newspaper. 12The New York Times reported that Meadows's attorney said the PowerPoint presentation his client provided to the committee came to his email inbox, but Meadows did not act on it. The Washington Post reported the next day that the presentation, which detailed an elaborate theory that China and Venezuela had taken control of voting machines, had been distributed by Phil Waldron, a retired Army colonel who specialized in psychological operations during his career. Waldron said he had spoken to Meadows "maybe eight to 10 times" and had attended a November 25 Oval Office meeting with Trump and others, and that he also had briefed several members of Congress on the presentation. Waldron was a Trump campaign associate who made false assertions of election fraud as an expert witness during hearings alongside Rudy Giuliani in Arizona, Georgia, and Michigan. 3
A reporter for The Guardian, Hugo Lowell, tweeted slides from a PowerPoint presentation that recommended Trump declare a national security emergency to return himself to office and was reportedly referenced in emails Meadows turned over to the committee. 12 Also on December 9, a three-judge panel of the DC Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously rules to reject Trump's appeal to have his White House records withheld from the committee. NARA must continue to withhold the records for another 14 days, however, to allow Trump sufficient time to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. 3
In a letter from his attorney, Mark Meadows says he will cease cooperating. By then, Meadows has already provided 2,300 text messages, including his text messages from January 6 in which he informed others what Trump was doing during the riot, and some 6,800 pages of emails. 12 Among the documents was a January 5 38-page PowerPoint presentation entitled "Election Fraud, Foreign Interference & Options for 6 JAN" to be provided "on the hill;" a November 6 text exchange with a member of Congress in which Meadows reportedly said "I love it" in a discussion about the possibility of appointing alternate electors in certain states; and a November 7 email discussing the appointment of alternate slates of electors as part of a "direct and collateral attack" after the election. 345 Meadows objects to news that the committee has subpoenaed telecom carriers for the call and text metadata of more than 100 people, including Meadows and others in Trump's inner circle. 6 As the committee prepares to hold Meadows in contempt of Congress, he sues Nancy Pelosi, the committee and its members to block his subpoena as well as the subpoena issued to Verizon for his phone records. 78 NARA says it is working with Meadows' lawyers to obtain any additional documents that Meadows might not have provided. 2
The committee votes unanimously to hold Jeffrey Clark in contempt of Congress. 1 However, he is also given a new deposition date of December 4. This is because Clark has said that he plans to invoke the Fifth Amendment, which protects people from being forced to self-incriminate. 2 Due to Clark's report of a "medical condition," his deposition was postponed twice in December, to an undetermined date. 3 If Clark does not testify and does not properly invoke the Fifth Amendment, the full House may vote on whether to hold him in contempt.
A 36-page memorandum by Colonel Earl G. Matthews is sent to the committee contesting the findings of the DoD Inspector General report on the response to the riot. The memorandum accuses two principal sources of the report of perjury in an attempted coverup of acting Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy's inaction during the riot. 4
As scheduled, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals heard Trump's argument. Trump's lawyers ask the judges to review each document and decide separately whether to release each one to Congress. The three judges deny this request. Judge Patricia Millett points out that the dispute, in her analysis, has not been "about the content of the documents" but rather "what happens when the current incumbent president says I'm not going to invoke executive privilege" to stop NARA from providing material to Congress. Millett indicates that, were the court to rule against Trump, it might nevertheless further delay the release of the documents to allow him to appeal to the Supreme Court. 1
The Guardian reported that on the night before the January 6 attack, Trump made several calls to his associates at the Willard Hotel, where a command center or "war room" had been established in a set of rooms and suites. 2 Present at the Willard was a team led by Trump personal attorney Rudy Giuliani, Bannon, Eastman, and Boris Epshteyn. Michael Flynn, Roger Stone and Bernard Kerik were also present. Trump called to convey that Pence would not agree to employ the Pence Card to overturn the electoral vote, as proposed by Eastman and discussed in an Oval Office meeting on January 5. He discussed ways to delay the certification in order to get alternate slates of electors for Trump sent to Congress, as he, Giuliani and Eastman had discussed by conference call with 300 state legislators on January 2. The Guardian reported that Trump discussed some topics only with lawyers at the Willard so as to preserve the confidentiality afforded by attorney-client privilege. 34
In advance of the hearing scheduled for November 30 regarding the release of NARA records, Trump's attorneys submit a reply brief. They claim that Biden's willingness to release the records served his "own political advantage" and "will result in permanent damage to the institution of the presidency." 1
Subpoenas are issued for InfoWars host Alex Jones and longtime Republican operative Roger Stone, as well as two Stop the Steal organizers, Dustin Stockton and Jennifer Lawrence, and Trump spokesman and Save America PAC communications director Taylor Budowich. 12 Warrants for Proud Boys and Oath Keepers, and their respective leaders Enrique Tarrio and Stewart Rhodes, are issued the following day. 3 Robert Patrick Lewis, chairman of 1st Amendment Praetorian, a group alleged to have provided security at several rallies before January 6, is also subpoenaed that day. 4
Meadows does not appear for his testimony as scheduled. 1 Bannon is federally indicted on two counts of criminal contempt of Congress the same day 2 and surrenders to the FBI on November 15. 3
Federal judge Tanya Chutkan denies Trump's October 18 request to stop NARA from releasing documents. Trump's claim "that he may override the express will of the executive branch," she wrote in a 39-page ruling, "appears to be premised on the notion that his executive power 'exists in perpetuity'. But Presidents are not kings, and Plaintiff is not President." 12 (The previous evening, Trump had filed an emergency request for a preemptive injunction against Chutkan's forthcoming decision, but Chutkan rejected it two hours later as legally defective and premature.) 34 Trump immediately asks Chutkan for an injunction, which she denies. 56 However, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals grants Trump's request for an injunction on November 11 and schedules oral arguments before a three-judge panel for November 30. 7
The committee issues subpoenas for six people: Trump 2020 campaign manager Bill Stepien; campaign senior advisor Jason Miller; former Trump national security advisor Michael Flynn; conservative lawyer and former professor John Eastman; Angela McCallum, executive assistant to the campaign; and Bernard Kerik, a Trump ally who participated in meetings at the Willard Hotel regarding efforts to overturn the election. 12 Ten other Trump officials and aides are subpoenaed the next day: former White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany; senior advisor for policy Stephen Miller; Trump bodyman Nicholas Luna; White House personnel director John McEntee; Kenneth Klukowski, senior counsel to assistant attorney general Jeffrey Clark; deputy chief of staff Chris Liddell; Oval Office operations coordinator Molly Michael; special assistant for legislative affairs Cassidy Hutchinson; Benjamin Williamson, senior advisor to chief of staff Mark Meadows; and Mike Pence's national security advisor, Keith Kellogg. 34 All 16 people were required to provide documents by November 23 and scheduled to testify under oath through December. 25
The Guardian reports the committee was preparing next subpoena a number of Trump officials connected to the "war room" operation at the Willard hotel, including John Eastman. 1
Jeffrey Clark and his new attorney meet with investigators to state Clark would not cooperate unless compelled by a court order, asserting that Trump's "confidences are not his to waive," citing attorney-client privilege. In a letter to the committee, Clark's attorney cites a letter from a Trump attorney specifically stating Trump would not try to block Clark's testimony. 123
In a court filing, NARA details what Trump demanded be withheld from the committee. Trump sought to block about 750 pages of documents among the nearly 1,600 requested by the committee. These included hundreds of pages of statements and talking points made by Trump press secretary Kayleigh McEnany, as well as daily presidential diaries, schedules, appointment information and White House visitor, activity, and phone logs from on and around January 6. Trump also sought to block drafts of speeches, remarks, and correspondence relating to the Capitol attack, as well as handwritten notes made by chief of staff Mark Meadows. 1
The Washington Post reports that more people are expected to be subpoenaed, including legal scholar John Eastman, who supported Trump's claims about the 2020 election. 12
CNN reports that Cheney and Kinzinger have interviewed former Trump director of strategic communications Alyssa Farah. She had resigned in December 2020 and told CNN after the January 6 attack that Trump had lied to the American people about the election results. 1
All 220 House Democrats and 9 House Republicans vote in favor of the resolution to hold Bannon in contempt of Congress, a majority that refers Bannon's case to the Justice Department. The Justice Department is deciding whether to prosecute Bannon. 12 A conviction could take years, according to Stanley Brand, former general counsel to the House of Representatives. 3
Trump sues to prevent NARA from turning over the records to the committee at all, or at least to allow him "to conduct a full privilege review of all of the requested materials" so he could choose which records NARA would provide. His lawsuit complains that the records request was "illegal, unfounded, and overbroad" and amounted to a "fishing expedition." The lawsuit is submitted on Trump's behalf by attorney Jesse R. Binnall. 12 Meanwhile, NARA plans to release the documents on November 12. 3
After Bannon does not appear for his scheduled deposition, the committee says it would initiate proceedings to hold Bannon in criminal contempt. 1 The committee also announces that Patel and Meadows were "engaging" with their investigation, and postpones both their depositions scheduled for October 14 and 15 respectively. 2 Scavino, meanwhile, also has his October 15 deposition postponed because the committee was unable to locate him, 3 and he did not formally receive the subpoena until October 8. 452
The committee subpoenas Jeffrey Clark and schedules him to provide documents and testimony later in the month. As assistant attorney general, Clark angled for a promotion to attorney general by promising Trump he would help overturn the election results. Former acting attorney general Jeffrey Rosen, who resisted Clark's efforts to interfere with the election outcome, is interviewed by the committee. 12
White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki says Biden would not honor Trump's request to assert executive privilege to stop NARA from providing these documents. 123 Nevertheless, Trump writes NARA asserting privilege over about forty documents. 1 The same day, White House counsel Dana Remus advises NARA archivist David Ferriero that the challenged documents were to be released following a 30-day courtesy warning to Trump. 45
A lawyer for Bannon says in a letter to the committee that Bannon would not comply with the subpoena for his testimony, because Trump had asserted executive privilege and instructed him to defy the subpoena. 6
Politico and Bloomberg report that an attorney for Trump formally instructed the four aides to defy the orders and to provide neither documents nor testimony. 12 Later that day, as the committee issues further subpoenas to Stop the Steal LLC, Stop the Steal campaign organizer Ali Alexander, and fellow rally organizer Nathan Martin, 34 Trump announces that he would assert executive privilege to withhold the documents the committee had requested in August. 5
The Guardian reports that Trump and his attorneys were instructing the four Trump aides subpoenaed on September 23 to defy the orders and not comply with both the requests for documents and testimony. 1
Amy Kremer and ten others affiliated with her organization Women for America First, which held the permit for the Stop the Steal rally that preceded the Capitol attack, are subpoenaed by the committee. 1 Among these eleven people is Katrina Pierson, national spokesperson for Trump's 2016 campaign.
The committee issues subpoenas to Meadows, Scavino, chief strategist Steve Bannon, and Pentagon official and former Devin Nunes aide Kash Patel. 1 Documents are demanded by October 7. 2 Bannon and Patel are instructed to testify before the committee on October 14, and Meadows and Scavino on October 15. 34 Meadows is granted a postponement and rescheduled for November 12. 5
The Guardian reports that the committee is considering issuing subpoenas for call records or testimony of senior Trump administration officials including Meadows, Deputy Chief of Staff Dan Scavino and former Trump campaign manager Brad Parscale. 1
The Guardian reports that White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows is included in the records preservation requests, in addition to Republican members of Congress. 1
The Guardian reports that the committee seeks to identify any White House involvement in planning the Capitol attack and whether Trump had advance knowledge of the riot. 1
CNN reports committee investigators would seek phone records of several people, including members of Congress. 1 The committee also sought records of at least thirty members of Trump's inner circle from seven government agencies and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), which preserves White House communication records. 23
The committee holds its first public testimony, and hears from four police officers who were in the front line as rioters attacked the Capitol. The whole committee prepped the day before. Thompson and Cheney give opening statements. 12
Daniel Hodges, a Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia officer, said he was crushed in a doorway between rioters and a police line. A man has pled not guilty to assaulting him and grabbing his gear. 345
Michael Fanone, a Metropolitan Police Department officer, said rioters pulled him into the crowd, beat him with a flagpole, stole his badge, repeatedly tased him with his taser and went for his gun. 367 He supported the creation of the January 6 commission and criticized those who downplayed the attack. 35
Harry Dunn, a private first class of the U.S. Capitol Police, spoke about the racial abuse he and other officers experienced during the attack. 35
Aquilino Gonell, a U.S. Capitol Police sergeant, said he was beaten with a flagpole and chemically sprayed. 35
